Niveles de colinesterasa sérica en caficultores del Departamento de Caldas, Colombia / Levels of serum cholinesterase in coffee growers from the Caldas Department, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar niveles de colinesterasa sérica en caficultores del departamento de Caldas y su asociación con factores demográficos y ocupacionales. Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, muestra de 1 098 agricultores del Alto Oriente y Centro Sur del Departamento de Caldas, por medio de una encuesta en la que se analizaron características del trabajador agrícola de tipo: sociodemográfico, ocupacional, clínicos y concentración de colinesterasa determinada con el método de Ellman. Resultados A nivel ocupacional, el 90,8 % de los agricultores refirió riesgo de exposición directa a plaguicidas. El 3,8 % de las determinaciones analíticas de colinesterasa fueron anormales, se relacionó que el 75,6 % de los agricultores preparan la mezcla del insecticida, el 22,2 % tienen una frecuencia de aplicación en el cultivo más de dos veces por semana, el 37,8 % no emplea ropa de protección durante la jornada de fumigación. El tiempo de la última aplicación fue dentro del rango de uno a diez días demostrando que a menor tiempo de aplicación del insecticida, se presenta mayor inhibición de la enzima. Los plaguicidas más reportados fueron los de tipo organofos-forado (58,6 %). Conclusiones El control de la exposición a plaguicidas se torna difícil porque la mayoría de trabajadores son de tipo informal. Se requiere fortalecer los programas de capacitación y campañas de sensibilización sobre los efectos de los plaguicidas en la salud, las medidas de higiene y seguridad en el trabajo. Los niveles bajos de colinesterasa sérica indican la absorción de una cantidad mínima de insecticidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the levels of serum cholinesterase in coffee growers from the Caldas department and its association with demographic and labor factors. Methodology A descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 1 098 farmers from the Upper East and South Center of the Caldas department, through a survey that analyzed characteristics such as sociodemographic, labor, and clinical conditions, as well as cholinesterase levels, determined by Ellman's method. Results Regarding the occupational aspect, 90.8 % of farmers reported a risk of direct exposure to pesticides. 3.8 % of the analytical determinations of cholinesterase were abnormal, which was related to the fact that 75.6 % of the farmers themselves prepare the mixture of the insecticide, 22.2 % spread the insecticide over their crops more than twice a week, and 37.8 % do not wear protective clothing during the fumigation. The last fumigation was within the range of one to ten days, revealing that the shorter the time of application of the insecticide, the greater the inhibition of the enzyme. The most frequent pesticides were organophosphates (58.6 %). Conclusions Controlling pesticide exposure is difficult because most workers are self-employed. It is necessary to strengthen training programs and awareness campaigns regarding the effect of pesticides on health, as well as health and safety measures at the workplace. Low levels of serum cholinesterase indicate the absorption of a minimal amount of cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides.(AU)

Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with Organophosphorous Poisoning.

Organophosphorous (OP) poisoning is an ever increasing and troublesome situation in the developing countries and is a major health care challenge in the 21st century. Hundred patients who attempted suicide with organophosphates, admitted to the emergency services were included in the study. They were graded (grade 0,1,2,3) according to clinical findings and examined for parameters like RBS, serum urea, serum creatinine, liver function tests, serum amylase, serum cholinesterase and LDH . The APACHE (II) of the cases were determined and correlated with severity of the clinical manifestations. A significant decline in serum cholinesterase (ChE) with increasing grades of intoxication(p <0.05) was observed along with raised levels of random blood sugar, serum urea, creatinine, hepatic enzymes and amylase. APACHE(II) score, showed a significant rise with severity of the degree of intoxication (p<0.001) and a negative correlation with serum cholinesterase. The findings of this study highlighted usefulness of biochemical and clinical indices in the management of organophosphorous poisoning thereby recognizing the complications early and facilitating early management.

comparative study of olive [oleae uropea I.] Removal techniques and their effects on fruit harvest

Olives produced in Jordan are harvested mainly using hand labor. The main problems facing farmers are high cost and shortage of laborers. The cost of operation can be reduced and harvest can be carried out on time if an abscission agent was used. In the year 2012 an experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of the use of Ethephon as an abscission agent. The study was carried out on Nabali olive cultivar at three different locations As-Salt, Madaba and Jerash. Treatments were consisted of five ethephon concentrations, which are: 0,1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 ppm, each concentration was repeated 4 times. Two weeks after ethephon applications, data were collected and analyzed according to the randomized completely block design. Results revealed that ethephon dosage had significant effects on harvesting productivity at 0.05 levels. This effect was more pronounced at 4500 ppm concentration at As-Salt and Madaba locations, but it was considered harmful at Jerash location due to the high leaf drop that was attributed to the heavy load of trees at this location. Results showed positive correlations within all the olive orchard locations for the percentof leaf drop and the total harvested fruits

Intoxicação por organofosforados: diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem / Intoxicación por organofosforados: diagnósticos e intervenciónes de enfermería / Organophosphate poisoning: nursing diagnoses and interventions

Objetivo: Identificar os principais rótulos diagnósticos de enfermagem e suas respectivas intervenções de enfermagem para o individuo vítima da intoxicação por organofosforados. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, utilizando para tal as bases LILACS/PubMed e publicações impressas relacionadas à temática. Resultados: O levantamento dos sinais/sintomas deste tipo de acidente possibilitou o julgamento clínico e elaboração dos 10 principais rótulos diagnósticos de enfermagem com base na North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International, determinando o planejamento das intervenções de enfermagem de acordo com a Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusão: a identificação dos diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem permite perceber o paciente como um todo, levando em consideração as diversas complicações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais que podem surgir

Objetive: To identify the major nursing diagnostic labels and their respective nursing interventions for the individual victim of organophosphate poisoning. Method: This is an integrative review, using LILACS/PubMed databases and printed publications related to the theme. Results: The compilation of the signs and symptoms of this type of accident enabled the clinical assessment and the elaboration of the main 10 nursing diagnostic labels based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International, determining the planning of nursing interventions according to the Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusion: The identification of nursing diagnoses and interventions allows understanding patients as a whole, taking into account the various biological, psychological and social complications that may arise

Objetivo: Identificar las principales etiquetas diagnósticas de enfermería y sus respectivas intervenciones de enfermería para la víctima de intoxicación por organofosforados. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora, utilizando las bases de datos LILACS/PubMed y publicaciones impresas relacionadas con el tema. Resultados: la compilación de los signos y síntomas de este tipo de accidente ha permitido la evaluación clínica y la elaboración de las 10 etiquetas diagnósticas principales de enfermería basadas en la North American Nursing Diagnosis AssociationInternational, determinando la planificación de la intervención de enfermería de acuerdo con la Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusión: La identificación de los diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería permite comprender al paciente como un todo, teniendo en cuenta las diversas complicaciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales que puedan surgir

Relation of breast cancer and malathion aerial spraying in Arica, Chile / Relación entre cáncer mamario y aspersiones aéreas con malatión en Arica, Chile

Breast cancer mortality has been increasing in Arica Chile where it has surpassed the national rates 11 times between 1990 and 2010. The city of Arica was sprayed with the organophosphrous pesticide malathion in order to control the Mediterranean fly 33 years ago. Moreover we have demonstrated that a malathion treatment induces the formation of breast carcinomas in Sprague Dowley female rats. The objective of this work was to find a relationship between malathion aerial spraying and the increased mortality rate due to breast cancer that has been observed in Arica in recent years. We extracted city data bases with all breast cancer cases diagnosed from 1995 to 2005 from the Dr. Juan Noe Crevani Hospital of Arica city and Ernesto Torres Hospital of Iquique. The number of patients was 100 in Arica and 58 in Iquique, nearby city that has never been sprayed with malathion which had a similar population than Arica in those years. The statistical analysis of the characteristics of the sample related to breast cancer risk showed that there is no significant difference between women from Arica and from Iquique. Nevertheless the patients with more times of exposure to malathion were 5.7-times more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer (OR= 5.7; p<0.02). In addition, metastases were found in 30.5 percent of the malathion-exposed group and only in 16 percent in the group never exposed (p<0.05). This study suggests that the increase in the mortality rate due to breast cancer occurring in Arica has a significant correlation with the exposure to malathion sprayed over the city more than 30 years ago.

La mortalidad por cáncer de mama ha ido aumentando en Arica Chile, donde ha sobrepasado las tasas nacionales 11 veces entre los años 1990 y 2010. La ciudad de Arica recibió aspersiones del pesticida organofosforado malatión, con el fin de controlar la mosca mediterránea, por primera vez hace 33 años. Por otra parte hemos demostrado que un tratamiento con malatión induce la formación de carcinomas mamarios en ratas hembras Sprague Dowley. El objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar una relación entre las aspersiones con malatión y el aumento en la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama que se ha observado en Arica en los últimos años. Se extrajeron de bases de datos, los casos de cáncer mamario diagnosticados entre 1995 y 2005, en los Hospitales Dr. Juan Noé Crevani de Arica y Ernesto Torres de Iquique. El número de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de mama fue 100 en Arica y 58 en Iquique, ciudad que nunca fue fumigada con malatión y con una población similar a la de Arica durante esos años. El análisis estadístico de las características de la muestra, en relación a los factores de riesgo de cáncer mamario, mostró que no hay diferencia significativa entre las mujeres de Arica y de Iquique. Sin embargo, las mujeres con mayor tiempo de exposición al malatión fueron 5,7 veces más propensas a ser diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama (OR = 5,7, p <0.02). Además el 30,5 por ciento del grupo expuesto a malatión presentó metástasis y en el grupo no expuesto sólo el 16 por ciento (p <0.05). Este estudio sugiere que el aumento de la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama que se ha producido en Arica tiene una correlación significativa con la exposición al malatión esparcido sobre la ciudad hace más de 30 años.

Intervención educativa sobre los conocimientos y prácticas referidas a los riesgos laborales en cultivadores de papa en Boyacá, Colombia / Educational intervention concerning knowledge and practices regarding work-related risks in potato farmers in Boyacá, Colombia

Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa realizada sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP), que busca modificar comportamientos en las técnicas de aplicación de pesticidas y organofosforados, en una muestra de cultivadores de papa de 7 municipios de la provincia Centro de Boyacá, en relación con la salud ocupacional y los riesgos laborales. Materiales y métodos Estudio de intervención antesdespués, anidado. Un total de 659 cultivadores de papa recibieron una intervención educativa basada en estrategias participativas sobre salud ocupacional y riesgos laborales. Previo y posterior a la intervención se evaluaron los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre estos tópicos. Resultados Se registraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en los conocimientos, de menor significación en las actitudes y en las prácticas Discusión Las intervenciones educativas en poblaciones vulnerables de bajo nivel de escolaridad requieren de acompañamiento y apoyo sostenido en el tiempo para lograr cambios significativos en las prácticas saludables.

Objective Evaluating the impact of educational intervention concerning knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) aimed at changing behaviour in how pesticides and organophosphates are applied in a sample of potato farmers from seven municipalities in the Boyacá department of Colombia in connection with occupational health and labour risks. Materials and methods This was a nested, before-after, intervention study. A participative strategy-based occupational health and labour risk educational intervention was used with 659 potato farmers. Knowledge, attitudes and practice concerning these matters were evaluated prior to and following the intervention. Results Statistically significant changes in knowledge were recorded; lesser significance was recorded regarding attitudes and practices. Discussion Educational interventions in vulnerable, low scholastic level populations require ongoing accompaniment and support for achieving significant changes in health practice.

Intoxicação por organofosforados em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Rio Grande do Sul / Organophosphate poisoning in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por organofosforados (ORFs) em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais foram submetidos à aplicação de Expertan® pour-on (clorpirifós) na dose de 12mg/kg de peso animal para controle de infestação por piolhos e desenvolveram sinais clínicos de intoxicação em um período variável entre 7-45 dias após a exposição ao produto. Os sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por anorexia, diarréia, salivação intensa, incoordenação motora, tremores musculares, paresia e paralisia flácida, decúbito lateral e morte. Em conseqüência da intoxicação morreram 61 búfalos de um total de 267 animais sob risco. Foram realizadas três necropsias de búfalos que morreram 24-72 horas após o início dos sinais clínicos. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por congestão e hemorragias intestinais, enfisema e edema pulmonares. Não foram observadas alterações microscópicas significativas em nenhum dos animais. Apesar da ausência de alterações histológicas no sistema nervoso central e periférico, os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, macroscópicos e toxicológicos sugerem o diagnóstico de neurotoxicidade tardia induzida por ORFs.

This paper describes organophosphate (ORF) poisoning in a herd of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil, which were treated with a single dose of 12mg/kg body weight of Expertan® pour-on (chlorpyriphos) to control ectoparasites. Clinical signs, observed 7-45 days after exposure, were diarrhea, hypersalivation, ataxia, muscular tremors, weakness of pelvic limbs, paresis and flaccid paralysis and lateral recumbence. Out of 267 buffaloes 61 died. Necropsy of three animals that died 24-72 hours after onset of clinical signs, revealed congestion and serosal hemorrhages scattered along the bowel, emphysema and edema of the lungs. No significant histopathological changes were found. Residues of chlorpyriphos were detected in liver, kidneys and nervous system of the one necropsied buffalo. Despite the absence of histological lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system, the epidemiological, clinical, gross and toxicological findings suggest delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphates.

effects of combination of gibberellic acid - 3 [GA3] and ethephon [2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid] [plant growth regulators] on some physiological parameters in mice

Health effects of subacute treatment of combinations of gibberellic acid and ethephon [2-chloroethylphosphonic acid] were investigated. Mice was used as an experimental model. Ten groups of male ICR [CD-1] mice were treated with oral doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg of either gibberellic acid [GA3], ethephon [2-chloroethylphosphonic acid] alone or in combination / kg body weight for 11 weeks. A significant dose dependent reduction in weight gain and low dry matter intakes were recorded in animals treated with the combination of both chemicals. Treated groups showed statistically significant increases in mean liver, kidney and spleen weights. Hemoglobin [Hb] and total erythrocyte count [TEC] decreased while total leukocyte count [TLC] was raised in all treated groups. Gibberellic acid [alone] treated animals showed the highest activity of liver aspartate aminotransferase [AST] while no significant variations were recorded among other groups. No significant differences were recorded in the activity of hepatic alanine aminotransferase [ALT]. A highly significant variation was recorded among the three treatments in serum urea level. No significant difference was noted among the three treatments in serum creatinine. All treatments caused significant dose dependent increases in creatinine than that of the control group. A highly significant dose dependent variation occurred in acetyl choline esterase [AChE] activity among treated groups. Groups treated with ethephon alone showed the greatest inhibition in brain AChE

Susceptibility of culex pipiens complex to some insecticides in Qatar

Insecticides susceptibility tests were conducted on Culex pipiens larvae from both Doha and Al-Rayan. The insecticides used were chloropyrifos, propetamphos [Organophosphorous], cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin [Synthetic] and etofenprox. Larvae in Al-Rayan district were more susceptible to all insecticides than in Doha. The chlorophyrifos and cyfluthrin were the most effective larvicides, cyphenothrin was moderate and propetamphos and etofanprox were the least ones

Retrospective evaluation of bone pain palliation after samarium-153-EDTMP therapy

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito paliativo da dor e a toxicidade medular associados ao tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP em pacientes com metástases ósseas. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva, a partir do levantamento de prontuário de 178 pacientes submetidos a tratamento com 1mCi/kg de 153Sm-EDTMP devido à dor por metástases ósseas. Os prontuários de 73 pacientes foram considerados adequados para análise dos parâmetros clínicos (intensidade da dor) e laboratoriais (hemograma). A intensidade da dor foi avaliada em escala de 0 a 10 pelo próprio paciente, antes e durante 8 semanas após o tratamento. Hemograma completo foi realizado antes do tratamento e a cada semana nas 8 semanas seguintes. Estudos de dosimetria foram realizados em 41 dos 73 pacientes, baseados na excreção urinária e retenção do radioisótopo, sendo a dose de radiação absorvida correlacionada à toxicidade medular. RESULTADOS: Redução importante na intensidade da dor (diminuição de 75 a 100% do basal) foi constatada em 36 pacientes (49%), com redução de 50-75%, 25-50% e 0-25% em, respectivamente, 20 (27%), 10 (14%) e 7 (10%) casos. Não se observou variação significativa da resposta entre os pacientes com tumor primário de mama (n=29) ou de próstata (n=36). Toxicidade medular foi observada em 75,3% dos pacientes (71,2% com leucopenia e 53,4% com plaquetopenia), em geral de grau leve a moderado e com recuperação ao término da 8º semana. A dose média de medula foi de 347±65 cGy, havendo baixa correlação entre a dosimetria medular e a queda da contagem de leucócitos (coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,40) ou de plaquetas (coeficiente de correlação linear = 0,48). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP permitiu um adequado controle da dor por metástases ósseas, com significativa redução na intensidade da dor. A toxicidade medular transitória foi a principal reação adversa observada, em geral de grau leve a moderado, apresentando baixa correlação com as medidas dosimétricas.

Treatment of bone pain secondary to metastases using samarium-153-EDTMP

CONTEXTO: Mais de 50% dos pacientes com câncer de próstata, mama ou pulmão desenvolverão dor óssea secundária a metástases. O tratamento da dor óssea metastática visa minimizar a dor, reduzir o uso de opióides e manter os movimentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de EDTMP-153Sm para tratamento da dor óssea secundária a metástases refratária a tratamento com opióides. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Retrospectivo. LOCAL: Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: 58 pacientes foram estudados (34 homens), com média de idade de 62 anos. 31 pacientes com neoplasia de próstata, 20 com neoplasia de mama, três pacientes com câncer de pulmão, um com hemangioendotelioma de pulmão, um com adenocarcinoma de paratireóide, um com osteosarcoma e um paciente que apresentava um tumor primário desconhecido. Todos apresentavam múltiplas metástases ósseas à cintilografia óssea com MDP-99mTc e foram tratados com EDTMP-153Sm. A resposta ao tratamento foi graduada em boa (redução da dor em 50 - 100%), intermediária (25-49%) e má (0-24%). RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentavam boa captação de EDTMP-153Sm nas metástases ósseas. Dentre os doentes com câncer de próstata, resposta intermediária ou boa ocorreu em 80.6% (25 pacientes) e má resposta em 19.4% (6). Dentre os pacientes com câncer de mama, 85% (17) apresentaram resposta intermediária ou boa à terapia enquanto 15% (3) apresentaram má resposta. Todos os três pacientes com câncer de pulmão apresentaram resposta pobre ao tratamento. Os doentes com hemangioendotelioma de pulmão e com o tumor primário desconhecido apresentaram resposta intermediária ao tratamento; os pacientes com osteossarcoma e com o adenocarcinoma de paratireóide apresentaram boa resposta. Mielotoxicidade significativa não ocorreu. DISCUSSAO: O controle da dor é importante para melhorar a qualidade de vida do doente com câncer avançado. O mecanismo de alívio da dor com radionuclídeos ainda não foi elucidado, mas o tratamento é de simples administração e baixo risco de mielotoxidade. CONCLUSAO: Tratamento com EDTMP-153Sm pode controlar a dor secundária a metástases ósseas de forma efetiva na maioria dos pacientes com câncer de próstata e câncer de mama sem efeitos colaterais significativos.

Monitoramento dos riscos e efeitos a saúde de agentes comunitários expostos ocupacionalmente aos organofosforados: estudo ocupacional, clínico e neuropsicológico / Monitoring health risks of community workers occupationally exposed to pesticides: a clinical, occupational, and neuropsychological study

O presente estudo constitui-se de uma investigaçäo sobre as condiçöes de saúde e trabalho de 15 agentes comunitários de um bairro do Rio de Janeiro. Através de um estudo descritivo buscou-se identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos e a presença de alteraçöes clínicas e neuropsicológicas que pudessem estar associados ao risco de exposiçäo ocupacional a agrotóxicos. A descriçäo do processo de trabalho foi essencial para a determinaçäo de possíveis fatores de riscos ambientais e ocupacionais que poderiam determinar efeitos à saúde. Todo o trabalho ocorreu de forma interativa, envolvendo equipes multidisciplinares e interinstitucionais. Os resultados encontrados näo evidenciaram alteraçöes de saúde compatíveis com intoxicaçäo por agrotóxicos, todavia foi indicado que exames específicos sejam realizados periodicamente, assim como foram sugeridas modeificaçöes no processo e organizaçäo do trabalho

Organochlorine, organophosphorus synthetic pyrethroid pesticides affecting food constitutents in cotton seeds and wheat grains during storage

The work has been carried out to evaluate the effects of studied pesticides on food constituents in cotton seeds and wheat grains The results are assessed using analytical data from trial applications of organochlorine organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides to the aforesaid food commodities The studied samples were stored after pesticide treatment at [30° +/- 3°C] for one month and analyzed for carbohydrates lipids phosphorus and trace metals in triplicate along with control samples The data presented herein shows adverse effects on carbohydrates in samples of cotton seeds and wheat grains with pesticidal treatment while SP pesticides caused more adverse effect than OC and OP. pesticides and reduced an appreciable amount of lipids in both commodities. It was also observed that imphorus content decreased in cotton seeds and wheat grains treated with OC and SP pesticides but it increased in of OP treatment. Lead [toxic element] was totally absent

Interrelationship between amines level in brain regions of fish, Oreochromis mossambicus during organophosphorus stress.

Amines such as dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were analysed in the brain regions of O.mossambicus exposed to quinalphos, phenthoate and their combination for 96 hr. The three types of treatments significantly (P < 0.05) altered the amines level at various intervals in the brain regions.

Delayed effects of exposure to organophosphorus compounds.

In a group of 34 industrial workers, chronically exposed to organophosphorus (OP) compounds, serum pseudocholinesterase activity was depressed significantly in the exposed group as compared to the control group. There was a significantly higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy among the workers exposed to OP compounds, as compared to the control group. Mild to profound sensorineural hearing deficits were detected in both the exposed and control groups. As the pre-exposure hearing status of the workers was not known and since many other factors can also cause pathological changes in the cochlear nerve, a definite conclusion about the ototoxic nature of the OP compounds could not be drawn.

Comparación de los niveles de pseudocolinesterasas en poblaciones a riesgo por exposición con organofosforados / Comparison of pseudocholinesterase levels in populations at risk due to organophosphorate exposure

Con el propósito de comparar los niveles de pseudocolinesterasas en un grupo de personas que están en contacto con los organofosforados; se estudiaron 300 personas, separandolas en dos grupos : 100 trabajadores de la Compañía Bananera, que usan dichos productos en sus labores diarias, y han recibido preparación en cuanto a su uso y cuentan con supervisión médica, 100 habitantes de la misma zona que tienen sus casa localizadas entre los bananales, sin contacto directo con organofosforados; y 100 habitaciones de una zona urbana cercana quienes constituyen el grupo control. Al finalizar el estudio se detectó un alto porcentaje del 33 por ciento, de niveles bajos de pseudocolinesterasas en los habitantes de las zonas bananeras, mientras que en los empleados de la compañía Bananera fue el 3 por ciento y en la población control un 1 por ciento. No se observa que el sexo tenga relevancia en los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados obtenidos para los residentes de la zona bananera son relevantes, lo que los lleva a ser un grupo de interés social, tanto por el aspecto educativo como por la supervisión médica que ellos merecen, ya que en su relación indirecta con los organofosforados han resultado afectados.

Hallazgos electrofisiológicos en trabajadores expuestos a organofosforados / Electrophysiologic findings in workers exposed to organophosphorate compounds

Se realiza un estudio de la velocidad de conducción nerviosa periférica, motora y sensitiva en un grupo de 18 trabajadores expuestos a sustancias organofosforadas. Los resultados electrofisiológicos ponen de manifiesto una neuropatía sensorimotora distal subclínica caracterizada por alteraciones en los potenciales motores y sensitivos, así como disminución de la velocidad de conducción